Problem: Which paper airplane will fly the farthest?

Materials:

3 sheets of standard white copy paper

Scissor

Procedures

1. Make 3 designs of paper airplanes found at either of these web sites. Be sure to follow the directions carefully.

2. Starting at the beginning of a long hallway, fly each airplane three times. Try to throw each airplane with the same force.

3. Measure from where you stand to the point where the plane lands or crashes into the wall. Measure the distances in feet. Remember there are 12 inches in a foot.

Purpose
The purpose of this project is to find out what causes an airplane to fly faster, longer, and smoother. If its either the design of the plane or where its thrown. I have taken 3 different types of airplanes and thrown them down a hall and outside my backyard.

Hypothesis

I believe that the flight of the paper airplanes will be affected by its design because if the design is really good and the weather outside is bad it will still fly well. So by this project I will find out what affects the flight of the paper airplanes.

Conclusion

In the end of my experiment I found out that the Dragon Plane flew the farthest, 2nd came the Glider, 3rd came the Rapier. The Dragon Plane's design has an airhole which lets air flow through it and it flies longer that way. The Glider's design has not many air holes but its design is smooth and I expected this one to fly the farthest but it came 2nd. The Rapier's design came 3rd because of probably its simple design and relation to other airplanes.

Which substances make up the color of leaves?

- Covers for jars or aluminum foil or plastic wrap

- Rubbing alcohol, paper coffee filters

- Shallow pan, hot tap water, tape, pen

1. Collect 3 large leaves from different trees. Tear or chop each leaf into very small pieces and put each leaf separately into small jars labeled with the name or location of the tree.

2. Add enough rubbing alcohol to each jar to cover the leaves. Using a plastic knife or spoon, carefully chop and grind the leaves in the alcohol.

3. Cover the jars very loosely with lids or plastic wrap or aluminum foil. Place the jars carefully into a shallow tray containing 1 inch of hot tap water.

4. Keep the jars in the water for at least a half-hour, longer if needed, until the alcohol has become colored (the darker the better). Twirl each jar gently about every five minutes. Replace the hot water if it cools off.

6. Remove jars from water and uncover. Place a strip of filter paper into each jar so that one end is in the alcohol. Bend the other end over the top of the jar and secure it with tape.

7. The alcohol will travel up the paper, bringing the colors with it. After 30-90 minutes (or longer), the colors will travel different distances up the paper as the alcohol evaporates. You should be able to see different shades of green, and possibly some yellow, orange or red, depending on the type of leaf.

I think the leaves substances come from what it grows by and how its affected. Such as if it is a seed that has a certain color to it the leaves of it will turn out that way somewhat and how much sunlight it gets determines whether it gets lighter and how much sunlight it doesn't get determines whether it gets darker. The leaves can maybe also change by the way of its cells. Hopefully by the end of this project I can understand how leaves are affected by color and what causes it to be that color.

The purpose of this project is to see what substances make the colors of the leaves. Green leaves to orange ones this project will tell you what makes it change and how it effects it.

The results for my tests were interesting for the 1st green leaf that I picked off from a tree at the park had a light color to it I put the leaf inside a jar filled with about an inch of hot tap water then with rubbing alcohol I chopped the leaves and mashed them together. The 2nd green leaf that I put in a different jar with the same containments but a more medium color leaf contained in the jar. The final 3rd green leaf was also a different colored leaf it was the darkest of all of them. After i waited for 30 minutes I saw it changing colors the first leaf had a yellow kind of color to it while the 2nd leaf had a more darker color orange then the first leaf. The 3rd one had the most change in it, it was dark orange kind of red but darker than the other leaves.

My conclusion is that the leaves are effected because of its chlorophyll. When the leaf is touched by a certain tempature and sunlight its chlorophyll breaks down so it stops their food making process which causes it to change color. The green color of the leaf disappears which causes it to turn yellow or orange. The red color comes from when at the same time the chemical changes might occur it makes different colors thus red appears. The color is also effected by the type of tree the leaf comes from.

http://emmcnamee.tripod.com/project_1.htm

http://www.esf.edu/pubprog/brochure/leaves/leaves.htm

http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/leaves.html